The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) is a federal law in the United States that protects the privacy of student education records. Enacted in 1974, FERPA applies to all educational institutions that receive funds under any program administered by the U.S. Department of Education. Here are the key components of FERPA: Right to […]
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The Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) is a United States federal law enacted in 2002 as part of the Electronic Government Act. FISMA provides a framework for securing information systems and managing cybersecurity risks within federal government agencies. The primary goal of FISMA is to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of federal information
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File encryption is a security technique used to protect the confidentiality and integrity of data stored in files or folders. It involves the process of converting plaintext data into ciphertext using cryptographic algorithms and keys, making it unreadable and unintelligible to unauthorized users. Only users with the appropriate decryption key or password can decrypt and
File Integrity Monitoring (FIM) is a cybersecurity technique and security control that involves monitoring and tracking changes made to files, directories, configurations, and critical system components within an IT environment. The primary objective of File Integrity Monitoring is to detect unauthorized or unintended modifications, deletions, or additions to files and system configurations that could indicate
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A fileless attack, also known as a fileless malware attack or memory-based attack, is a type of cyber attack that does not rely on traditional malware files being stored on the victim’s system. Instead, fileless attacks leverage legitimate system tools, processes, or vulnerabilities to execute malicious code directly in the system’s memory, making them difficult
Fileless malware, also known as memory-based malware or non-malware attacks, refers to a type of malicious software that operates without leaving traditional traces on the file system of the infected host. Unlike traditional malware, which typically relies on executable files or scripts stored on disk, fileless malware resides and executes directly in the computer’s memory
A firewall is a network security device or software application that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external networks, such as the internet, to prevent unauthorized access, data breaches, or malicious activities. Firewalls can be implemented
Firewall Auditing refers to the process of assessing and evaluating the configuration, rules, policies, and effectiveness of firewalls deployed within an organization’s network infrastructure. The goal of firewall auditing is to ensure that firewalls are properly configured, effectively protecting the network from unauthorized access, malicious activities, and security breaches. Key aspects of Firewall Auditing include:
Firmware security refers to the protection of the software embedded in hardware devices, known as firmware, from unauthorized access, modification, or exploitation. Firmware serves as the foundational software that controls the operation of hardware components, such as computer systems, network devices, IoT devices, and embedded systems. Key aspects of firmware security include: Secure Boot: Secure
Forensic analysis, also known as digital forensics, is the process of examining digital evidence, such as computer systems, storage devices, networks, and electronic data, to investigate and analyze security incidents, cybercrimes, legal disputes, or regulatory violations. Forensic analysis aims to gather, preserve, analyze, and present digital evidence in a legally admissible manner to support investigations,
