Encryption is the process of converting information or data into a form that is unintelligible without the use of a specific decryption key or algorithm. It is a fundamental technique used to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access or interception during transmission or storage.
In encryption, plaintext (original data) is transformed into ciphertext (encrypted data) using an encryption algorithm and a cryptographic key. The ciphertext can only be decrypted and converted back into plaintext by someone possessing the corresponding decryption key. Encryption ensures that even if unauthorized parties intercept the encrypted data, they cannot understand or use it without the appropriate key.
Encryption is widely used in various applications, including secure communication (such as email encryption and messaging apps), data protection (such as encrypting files and folders), secure web browsing (HTTPS), and safeguarding sensitive information in databases and cloud storage services. It is a critical component of cybersecurity strategies to maintain confidentiality, integrity, and privacy of data.